Epinephrine Retrieval from EpiPens in the Austere Environment

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Epinephrine auto-injectors used to treat anaphylaxis are designed for single use. These devices are known to contain additional doses of epinephrine. Prior publications have detailed steps to obtain additional doses of epinephrine utilizing a combination of photos, text, and videos. These instructions, however, are not easily accessible in the field. 

My team and I designed and validated pictorial instructions, featured below, for the retrieval of additional doses of epinephrine for life-threatening anaphylaxis in the austere environment. 

Material was presented at the National Wilderness Medicine Conference, 2018.